Many of the earliest surviving stories are recorded in the Konjaku Monogatarishū, an 11th-century Japanese collection of Japanese, Chinese, and Indian literary narratives. These fox spirits were adopted to Japanese culture through merchants as kyūbi no kitsune ( 九尾の狐, lit. įolktales from China tell of fox spirits called húli jīng ( Chinese: 狐狸精) also named as nine tale fox ( Chinese: 九尾狐）that may have up to nine tails. In this way, it is assumed that people in Japan acquired the culture of respecting kitsune as messengers of Inari Okami. Because fox urine has a rat-repelling effect, Japanese people placed a stone with fox urine on a hokora of a Shinto shrine set up near a rice field. Īccording to Hiroshi Moriyama, a professor at the Tokyo University of Agriculture, foxes have come to be regarded as sacred by the Japanese because they are the natural enemies of rats that eat up rice or burrow into rice paddies. Also, their descendants are depicted as doing evil things by taking advantage of their power. In this story, a man from Mino Province and a kitsune having a female personality get married and have a child, and the kitsune as the wife is described as a person who has a deep resentment against dogs. Various legends about foxes with human personalities were first described in Nihon Ryōiki which was compiled around 822. In Nihon Shoki, which was compiled in 720 and is one of the oldest history books in Japan, foxes appeared for the first time as supernatural beings that let people know good omens and bad omens. The oldest relationship between the Japanese people and the fox dates back to the Jomon period necklace made by piercing the canine teeth and jawbone of the fox. The moon on Musashi Plain (fox) by Yoshitoshi Because of their potential power and influence, some people make sacrifices to them as to a deity.Ĭonversely foxes were often seen as " witch animals", especially during theĮdo period (1603–1867), and were thought of as goblins who could not be trusted (similar to some badgers and cats).
The more tails a kitsune has-they may have as many as nine-the older, wiser, and more powerful it is. This role has reinforced the fox's supernatural significance. Kitsune have become closely associated with Inari, a Shinto kami or spirit, and serve as its messengers. While some folktales speak of kitsune employing this ability to trick others-as foxes in folklore often do-other stories portray them as faithful guardians, friends, and lovers.įoxes and humans lived close together in ancient Japan this companionship gave rise to legends about the creatures. According to yōkai folklore, all foxes have the ability to shapeshift into human form. In Japanese folklore, kitsune ( 狐, きつね, IPA: ( listen)) are foxes that possess paranormal abilities that increase as they get older and wiser. The human health effects of these chemicals are listed in this document.A nine-tailed fox spirit ( kyūbi no kitsune) scaring Prince Hanzoku print by Utagawa Kuniyoshi, Edo period, 19th century These are:ĭylon Pre-Dye Mix (contains Sodium Hydrosulphide) The two substances that are monitored by the NSW EPA are not actually included in the listing of materials provided by Fox Studios Australia. Please note that there is no monitoring in place for the abovenamed substances. Perchloric Acide - Hydronium Perchlorate (used as degreaser) Shellite - AKA shellac (contains naphtha)Ĭhemicals indicated as being used on site in the NECS review(2005): J-wax (contains Trisodium nitrilotriacetate, quarternary ammonium compounds) Medium density particleboard (contains wood dust and formaldehyde) This list was provided to the NSW Department of Planning by the management of Fox Studios Australia.Ĭlick on the name to see the properties and effects (courtesy of the UN's International Labor Organisation)į80 Part A&B polyurethane ( Diphenylmethane-4.4'-diisocyanate, Butyl Benzyl Phthalate ) NOTE: Because precise inventories cannot be obtained all of the chemicals, materials and processes that are routinely used in film production have been provided here. The chemicals, materials and processes undertaken on site between 20: Sydney Football Stadium can be seen in the background of building 29. The Fox Studios website lists this building as a "Construction Workshop" which is
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